How HEIC compression works at this target
HEIC uses HEVC/H.265 intra-frame encoding — the same codec that runs 4K video on Apple devices. It starts roughly 2× more space-efficient than JPG at equivalent visual quality, which means aggressive size targets (under 200 KB) are physically harder to hit than they would be for a JPG. Our compressor tunes HEIC's quality parameter downward and, where necessary, reduces the tiled-encoding grid; the format degrades more gracefully than JPG at low quality (fewer blocky artefacts) but shows visible noise in shadow areas of low-light photos.